PHS Desk 
Introduction on Direct and Indirect Forms of Democracy The word democracy, which comes from the Greek words demos (people) and kratos (rule), refers to a form of governance in which the people themselves have the power. It is among the most popular and well-liked systems of government in the contemporary world. Democracy can be broadly … Read more
Introduction The British Crown is one of the oldest and most enduring political institutions in the world. Rooted in centuries of constitutional evolution, it represents both the symbolic and legal authority of the monarchy in the United Kingdom. In political science, the Crown serves as a fascinating case study of a constitutional monarchy, where the … Read more
Introduction on Marxian Perspectives of Civil Society Civil society is a central concept in political science, referring to the realm of voluntary associations, social movements, and institutions that exist between the state, the market, and the private sphere. Within Marxist theory, civil society is not seen as an autonomous or neutral space but rather as … Read more
Introduction Liberalism, as a political philosophy, has evolved over centuries, adapting to changing socio-economic and political conditions. One of its significant branches is Positive Liberalism, which emphasizes the role of the state in ensuring individual freedom through social and economic interventions. Unlike classical liberalism, which advocates minimal state interference, positive liberalism supports government action to create … Read more
Introduction Classical liberalism is one of the most influential political ideologies that emerged during the Enlightenment in the 17th and 18th centuries. It laid the foundation for modern democratic governance, free-market economics, and individual rights. Individual liberty, free markets, the rule of law, and limited government are all emphasized by classical liberalism. Its development was … Read more